(Day 4th report)

The session was conducted by Dr. Mujahid husain. I t was a workshop on Kashmir conflict: pakistan and India CBMs. Then all the internees were given the task to prepare a proposal. Here is the proposal regarding historical background of Kashmir conflict.

The Kashmir dispute dates from 1947. The partition of the Indian sub-continent along religious lines led to the formation of India and Pakistan. However, there remained the problem of over 650 states, run by princes, existing within the two newly independent countries.

In theory, these princely states had the option of deciding which country to join, or of remaining independent. In practice, the restive population of each province proved decisive.

Because of its location, Kashmir could choose to join either India or Pakistan. Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of Kashmir, was Hindu while most of his subjects were Muslim. Unable to decide which nation Kashmir should join, Hari Singh chose to remain neutral. Hari Singh appealed to the Indian government for military assistance. He signed the Instrument of Accession, on October 26.

Indian and Pakistani forces thus fought their first war over Kashmir in 1947-48. India referred the dispute to the United Nations on 1 January. In a resolution dated August 13, 1948, the UN asked Pakistan to remove its troops, after which India was also to withdraw the bulk of its forces. Once this happened, a “free and fair” plebiscite was to be held to allow the Kashmiri people to decide their future.

Pakistan ignored the UN mandate and continued fighting, holding on to the portion of Kashmir under its control. On January 1, 1949, a ceasefire was agreed, with 65 per cent of the territory under Indian control and the remainder with Pakistan. The ceasefire was intended to be temporary but the Line of Control remains the de facto border between the two countries.

Fighting broke out again in 1965, but a ceasefire was established that September. Indian Prime Minister, Lal Bhadur Shastri, and Pakistani President, M Ayub Khan, signed the Tashkent agreement on January 1, 1966.

In 1971 third war, resulting in the formation of the independent nation of Bangladesh. A war had broken out in East Pakistan in March 1971, and soon India was faced with a million refugees. India declared war on December 3, 1971 after Pakistani Air Force planes struck Indian airfields in the Western sector. Two weeks later, the Indian army marched into Dhaka and the Pakistanis surrendered.

In 1972 Indira Gandhi, the Indian prime minister, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, her Pakistani opposite number, signed the Simla Agreement, which reiterated the promises made in Tashkent.

The two sides once again agreed to resolve the issue peacefully, as domestic issues dominated.

By the early 1990’s the militancy had evolved into an insurgency, and India engaged in a crackdown campaign. the kargil area  has often been the site of border conflicts, including a serious incident in 1999. In May of that year Pakistan intensified artillery shelling of the Kargil sector. Meanwhile, the Indian army discovered that militants had infiltrated the Indian zone from the Pakistan side and had established positions within and west of the Kargil area. Hostilities finally ended when Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif of Pakistan gave his assurance that the infiltrators would retreat.

 Limited passenger bus service began in 2005 Muzaffarabad on either side of the frontier, and, after the devastating earthquake in the region later that year, India and Pakistan allowed survivors and trucks carrying relief supplies to cross at several points along the line of control. In addition, in 2008 both countries opened cross-border trade links through the Kashmir region for the first time.

Another cycle of unrest began after the Hindu nationalist  BJP swept elections across India in 2014. The party had won an outright majority in the national legislature and began pushing policies nationwide to promote hindutva. As the hindutva and pro-India policies of the BJP stoked the anxieties of the region’s predominantly Muslim population, Kashmir saw an uptick in unrest. The growing tensions erupted into rioting in July 2016 after the commander of an Islamic militant group was killed in an operation by Indian security forces. India’s union government, dominated by the BJP, began asserting increased control over the state as a matter of national security and launched a crackdown on militants. In late 2018 the union government dissolved the government of Jammu and Kashmir and began direct rule of the state after the BJP left the state’s unity coalition and caused its collapse. Further unrest in the region erupted after the 2019 Pullwama attack.

Kashmir experienced its greatest show of force in decades in February 2019. On February 14 suicide bomber associated with a militant separatist group killed 40 members of India’s Central Reserve Police Force, the deadliest attack on Indian security forces in three decades. With a tough election cycle approaching, India’s BJP-led government faced pressure from its supporters to take forceful action. Days later India sent fighter jets across Kashmir’s line of control for the first time in five decades and later claimed to have conducted air strikes against the militant group’s largest training camp. Pakistan denied the claim, saying that the jets had struck an empty field. The next day, Pakistan shot down two Indian jets in its airspace and captured a pilot. Yet, despite the aggravation, many analysts believed that both India and Pakistan intended to avoid escalation.

(Day 3rd Report)

The session was conducted by Dr. sania Muneer. I t was a workshop on Report writing. Initially Internees were introduced to the proper methods of research ., after that all the internees were given the task to prepare a proposal. Here is the proposal regarding human rights violations in Kashmir. The Proposal consists of Hypothesis, Reseach questions and Research objectives.

Hypothesis:

Human rights violation in Kashmir is increasing day by day but United Nations is not playing the affecting role to resolve the situation.

Research questions:

• What is the role of United Nation to resolve the Kashmir issue?
• What is the possible solution that can be implement by the Unites Nation?
• What is the challenges faced by United Nation to solve the Kashmir issue?

Research objectives:

• To determine the role of united nation to resolve the Kashmir issue.
• To analyses the challenges faced by United Nations to solve the Kashmir issue.
• To highlight the lack of significant role of major powers in international community.
• To identify the possible solutions that can be implemented by United Nations.

Methodology:

In this research the method which I used the qualitative method and the data is collected by secondary means like articles, journals and electronic media.

Today the topic of the session is digital humanity and word time line which is conducted by the Dr. Sania Muneer. First of all I learn about the digital humanity that was the related to media. How I help the humanity and raise their voices against the human violation. We talk about the violation in Kashmir like bloodshed, women abuse, and freedom of speech. After that we talk about the canva that is empowering the world to design and make the flyer. The slogan of the flyer is “respect the women, make the generations”. Its mean that to stop the women abuse and give their human right because women makes the generations. Then also talk about the many other violation. Kashmir is a place where blood shed like a water. This activity was too much interested. 2^nd activity was the word press, first I make the account in word press then publish the report of the previous day. It was new for me and feeling like a blogger. It was very amazing and passionate.

The last activity was the world timeline that is the history and media is related to the time line. Then work it and complete the activity. Overall today’s session was very good and interesting. I learned about a lot of things. And discussion about the human violation in Kashmir was very interesting. Such as I make one slogan” voices are not heard, blood are not seen”. Same the situation in the Kashmir. Blood shed never brought the peace at any region in the world but some scholars said that progress is not possible without bloodshed and the example of japan and Germany. But Kashmir is another case people face many difficulties not give the human right. So we say that “Deny the human right, challenge the humanity.

At the end this session was excellent and I learned new things and also enjoy it. All people was good and feeling goods interact the many people.

http://www.prfjk.org/Disillusionment is the feeling of disappointment especially when a belief central to one’s identity shown to be false. If we talk about the 20^th century global elite divide the world into the three grand stories which predict the future of the world. During the word war 1 and 2 world represent the fascist story which emphasize the doctorial power. In the late 1940s to 1980 world became the battle ground between the communism and liberalism, after the collapse of communism story liberalism dominated the whole word, that was the time when new world order emerged. Liberalist emphasize the political right, economic opportunities, freedom and dictatorship replaced the democratic regime. Some argue that after liberalism all is well in the world but there are many liberal countries which faces many problems like poverty, violence etc. we need to slightly change in liberalism to overcome these problems. George W. Bush and Barack Obama said that “if we continue to liberalize and globalize our political and economic system, we will produce peace and prosperity”. People were disappointed from the liberal story after the crisis of 2008. After that European countries tried to liberalize Iraq and Libya at a gun point. Bad headache causes the brain tumor similarly liberals fear that the rise of Donald Trump warned the end of human civilization. Liberal political system has been shapes during the industrial era and then spread the all over the world. Since the 1990s internet change the world, all world became the global village and all the democratic system struggling the used of the highly technology such as rise of Al and block chain revolution. As Al improves we will reach at the point when no human make sense to finance anymore because block chain and crypto currencies restore the monetary system. But it is impossible and irrelevant to tax dollar because most transactions will not involve the exchange of national currency. In the modern world we can control and handle the external and internal both phenomenon of ourselves. Now it is easy to redirect the flow of our minds. In 2016 during the presidential race in America Hillary Clinton’s talk about the job losses and Donald Trump warned the voters that Mexicans and Chinese will take their jobs and they should build a wall on the Mexican border. One of the main reason to loss the faith of the people to the liberal story because they cannot understand the artificial intelligence and biotechnology. This was not the first time liberal story has faced a crisis, in the 19^th century first era of liberalization and globalization ended after the First World War. After the murder of Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo great powers believed the imperialism than the liberalism. Then the liberalism emerged again promising that was the “the war to end all wars”. After the world war one world create the new world order on the principles of freedom and peace. Then Hitler moment came and world became again the battle ground, in the 1960s and 1970s world divided into two blocks and at that time liberalism was on the last legs. In 1918 Britain France talked about the liberty but not wanted to the decolonization but in 1945 Dutch got independent from the five years brutal Nazi occupation and raise their army. In the end of 1990s communism collapsed and free market economy emerged in the world and the communist country also adopted the ideas of liberalism and practice it. Thinkers and politicians said that the “End of history” solved all the political and economic questions and democracy remained the game in town. China was the communist country but they adopted the liberal approach and became the superpowers and it comes to the free trade so we can say that Xi Jinping looks like Obama real successor. Russia also adopted the model of liberal democracy but it is not the political ideology it is the political practice and they use to control their media and hide their activities.

Democracy is based on the Abraham Lincoln’s principle that “you can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.” But if u control the media then you prevent the citizen to realizing the truth. When you live in such oligarchy then many crisis arise inside and outside. In the 20^th century nationalist moment was most important but they lacked the coherent vision for the future of the world. Because it is supported of the division of the globe into the independent nation states, but it is not explain all the free nation are related to each other. They should to deal the global problems like threat of the nuclear war etc. If we suppose that the breakdown of liberalism then what happened in the world? Then these vacuum filled by the some golden past. Like Donald Trump call the America for isolation to “make American great again” so the America repeat in the 21th century. September 2016 in the final speech to the united nation president Obama warned that a world sharply divided and conflict arise of nation and tribes, race and religion. Instead he said “the principle of open markets and accountable governance of democracy, human right, and international law remain the foundation of the human progress.

Work (when you grow up, you might not have a job):

We have no idea what the job market look like in 2050. Machines and reboots will change the all line of the work and conflict arise due to the nature of the change.  Human have two types of abilities, physical and cognitive. In the past human works like a machine but now all the work do machines. Al revolution not just the computer faster and smarter but also boost the life of sciences and social sciences. But it is difficult to replace the humans from machine because some jobs wants to wide skills. For example doctors focus on the processing the information and then analyses it and then diagnosis but in the other hand nurses need emotional skills to give a painful injection and to replace the bandage. Some jobs are not safe for the auto machine, in the modern world artists are connected to the internal psychology, it defined by the human emotions. Emotions are the biochemical process. We can control the emotions through the machine learning algorithm and then determined your personality and change your mood. Al might help to create a new jobs instead humans competing with Al, they could servicing Al. For example human pilots replaced by drones but created new opportunities in maintenance, remote control, data analysis and cyber security. In 2015 US air force lacked the trained humans to fill all these jobs. We can say that in 2050 Al cooperate instead the competition, they will demand the high level of expertise. The Al revolution would not be watershed even after which the job market settle the new equilibrium. Even when the human invent the new jobs and retain the work force then the emotion stamina is necessary because change is stressful and the hectic world of 21th century has produced a global stress. Then we need the stress reduction technique. By 2050 useless class cannot find the job because they would not be able the highly skills and insufficient mental stamina. It is very dangerous to assume that new jobs are enough to compensate the losses because there is no guarantee that the automation will be enough under the difficult condition of the 21th century. Some argue that human could never become economically irrelevant because Al will be always need to the consumers. Even if the humans cannot compete the Al but consumers would be necessary. When we talk about the universal basic support, there are the two types, universal basic income that is the capitalist paradise and other one is universal basic services that is the communism paradise. Universal basic support means the take care of the basic human need.in the medieval Europe people need to access the church because they thought that care of your internal soul is more important to the external body but in modern era education and healthcare is the basic need of humans. If we manage to combine a universal economic safety with strong communities and overtaken losing our jobs to the algorithms then actually turn out to be a blessing. All the losses of our life control is a difficult task. The danger of mass unemployment, we should worry about the even more is the shift in authority from humans to the algorithms which destroy the remaining faith in the liberal story and the rise of the digital dictatorships.

Critical note:

World divided into the three stories, during the world war one world rule under the dictatorship then two super powers with two different ideology rule all over the word. After 1990s communist ideology collapse and liberalism emerged in the world. In liberalism all world became global village and stress the free market economy. They believed that democracy is important for peace and prosperity but there are many states which are the democratic but they face many problems. Democratic government are the responsible to answers the any question of people and people can protest of any regime, because in democracy politicians cannot hide the truth. In democracy you cannot fool all the people all the time.  For instance, some critics of democracy agree with Winston Churchill‘s famous remark, “No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time. While others, may be more prepared to describe existing democratic regimes as anything but “rule of the people.”

New technology created new jobs but needed to the experts of their field. Data base control the emotions of the humans, all worked are converted into the digital form. But we do not know the reason of rejection in any job because all work on the data base, while in the past people know the reason of rejection.in the end we can say that if world move toward the more and more development due to the technology data base but it has also negative impact in the human life.

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